War And Peace Essays - French Invasion Of Russia, War And Peace

War And Peace War and Peace The famous Russian author Leo Tolstoy wrote War and Peace in 1865. It is a story about the lives of the Russian royal family from 1805 to 1815. This book depicts things and events that happened during the war. The novel describes the war with Napoleon in which many countries were involved such as Russia, Austrian, Prussia, Spain, Sweden, and Britain. However, the novel mainly focuses on Russia. It reflects the different views and participation in the war of Russian aristocracy. Showing the war, Tolstoy describes Napoleon's attack on Russia, the battle of Borodino, the slow retrieval of the Russian army, the conquest of Moscow by Napoleon, the fire in Moscow, and the retrieval of Napoleon's army during a deadly winter. Napoleon had to retreat from Russia under attacks by Russian peasants and horsemen on those who fell behind. His army also suffers from cold and hunger, since the Russians destroyed all food supplies. The takeover of Moscow by Napoleon proved to be useless, and in the long run, destroyed a large part of his army. Alongside with these historical events, Tolstoy describes the different classes of Russian society in the terms of their participation in the war and what kind of an impact war had on their lives. In the beginning of the novel, the Russian aristocratic class, which was in the czar's circle, wanted Russia to participate in the war. They wanted a quick victory and pride for the Russian nobility. They did not anticipate that the war would destroy homes, agriculture, and take many Russian lives. There are the good people, and of course, the bad. The good people being Natasha Rostov, a teenage girl who grows and matures throughout the book and Pierre Bezuhov, the son of Kirill Vladmirovitch Bezuhov, who speaks much of the novel expressing his purpose on earth. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, the leader of the Bolkonsky family and a great war hero. The bad people are the protagonists themselves, as they torment themselves and Napoleon Bonaparte, (who, by some, is believed to be an impostor) the emperor and military leader of France, whom is bent on world domination. The Secondary characters are the families of Bolkonsky and Kuragin, Anna Pavolvna, a famous St. Petersburg socialite and Kutuzof, the military leader of the Russian forces. This class is shown in Anna Pavlova Sharer's salon, with its upper class aristocracy, who talk only in French, viewing the Russian language as uncivilized and useful only for peasants. They adopted French culture and wear French style clothing, and at the same time they want to fight Napoleon. However, the majority of this class doesn't want to participate themselves in the war, but want to win the war with the hands of the peasants. These aristocrats, despite their high education and power, will do nothing to help win the war. They live like parasites on the body of Russia's society. This is how Tolstoy describes this class in general, but he also depicts two representatives of this upper class, Andrew Bolkonsky and Pierre Bisuhov, who were the more intellectual ones, and whose lives and views of war and life changed as the result of the war. Depicting the Rostov family, who were also wealthy nobles, but were not in the czar's circle and lived in rural parts of Russia, Tolstoy showed a typical Russian family who were devoted to their country and Russian traditions. All of Tolstoy's sympathy is on their side and he presents them in a positive way. They sing Russian folklore, which the higher aristocrats would not dream of doing. Depicting this class, Tolstoy describes simple and eternal problems such as birth, love, forgiveness, and death. The main national characteristics are in the Russian peasants. Through these people, who hate war, we are shown that they are forced to participate in the war because the have no other choice. They show real heroism during war. Captain Tushin and a soldier, Timohin, give their lives to save their army. Historical figures such as Napoleon and Kutuzov oppose the views of the aristocratic class in the czar's circle. This class of people didn't like Kutuzov, who became the general of the Russian army. They thought he was too

J.K. ROWLINGS HARRY POTTER SERIES FANTASY FOR CHILDREN AND NOTHING MORE essays

J.K. ROWLING'S HARRY POTTER SERIES FANTASY FOR CHILDREN AND NOTHING MORE essays Within the last eight years or so, the literary works of J.K. Rowling, in particular her highly popular series of dark fantasy novels centered on the character of Harry Potter, has generated a great amount of social controversy based on her use of sorcery and occultism in order to relate the fantastic adventures of Harry, an up-and-coming wizard and practitioner of the so-called "black arts." Not surprisingly, the most vocal opponents to Rowling's Harry Potter series can be found within the religious community which has viewed Rowling's works with much suspicion, due to what they see as a blatant attempt by Rowling to introduce impressionable young people to the arts and practice of magic, sorcery, witchcraft and occultism via the actions and predicaments of Harry Potter. However, this viewpoint, taken predominately by the Christian community, is based on the traditional ideals of organized religion which for centuries has attempted, without much success, to turn people away from any literary work that goes against the teachings and ideals of Christian thought and Fantastic literature, as represented in Rowling's Harry Potter series, is one of the most compelling of all literary genres, for as E.F. Bleiler points out, "the essence of the fantastic generally demands from the reader a certain degree of imagination and a capacity for detachment from everyday life" (12). For many readers, dark fantasy is the type of tale which is totally irrelevant to the real world, and, for the most part, deals with magic and the supernatural. Unlike science fiction, it is not based on scientific research but pure imagination and requires the reader to totally suspend his/her disbelief. In addition, most fantastic magic and the supernatural which tends to inform the reader that the events The plotlines in most fantast...

Alternatives to Incarceration

Provision of sustainable security in the society should be a collaborative endeavor between the government and social institutions which form the community. The government has a legal authority to mitigate crime activities through the criminal justice system, a factor that leads to incarceration. On the other hand, social institutions such as the family, church, and learning institutions play the ultimate role of instill reliable character and behaviors to members of the community as a tool for promoting social acceptable conduct in the society (Reisig, Cole, Clear, 2008). According to psychologists, the development of character traits on the young generation is mainly based on the surrounding environment. This is because the young engage in copying and adopting the behaviors of other in the community. Nevertheless, social institutions have failed in ensuring an environment that can promote reliable character among members. Such has been blamed for inhibiting the process of effectively fighting crime in the community. The author seeks to give a discussion on the question; why should we expect the correctional system to be able to accomplish so much when so many other social institutions have failed? When family, school, and churches are unable to inculcate law-abiding behavior. Why should we be surprised if the correctional also system fails? Possible solutions to the problems affecting the effectiveness of American correctional system will also be given. The American correctional system effectiveness The American correctional system has been blamed for its failure in ensuring sustainable reforming of criminals to reflective compatible character and behavior in the society. According to its mandate, the correctional system is marked with the responsibility of incarcerating crime offenders as a mechanism for instilling behavioral change from crime activities. Nevertheless, numerous research findings have evidently shown a high rate of recidivism into criminal behavior by criminals upon release from correctional facilities (Conis, DeLisi, 2009). Indeed, such findings indicate that victims from correctional facilities are more likely to engage in more serious criminal activities than before their incarceration. Numerous factors have been closely attributed with this failure of the American correctional system. First, the system is faced with the problem of addressing individual needs of criminals as a potential drive to committing crime in the society (Western, Weiman, Pattillo, 2004). As an example, the criminal justice system of American has received for failing to appreciate the psychological requirements of drug related crime offenders as well as mentally impaired criminals. According to psychological evidence, imposing punishment on drug abusers and mentally impaired victims serves no more than torture. This is because these individuals have their reasoning and judgmental capability compromised. This has the implication that crime offenders who have mental or drug abuse history can only be effectively corrected by engaging them in resolving their psychological problems first. This has nevertheless, been a major failure in the American correctional system. True from available statistical evidence, drug related crime activities are the leading source of prison population in the American community (Conis, DeLisi, 2009). In fact, this statistics indicate that an estimated over 40 percent of prison population in US is comprised of convicts of drug related crimes. Despite this fact, the correctional system has invested limited resources in establishing rehabilitation rather than incarceration facilities. Another factor which has been associated with the failure of the American correctional system is poor influence among inmates in the correctional facilities. The Federal Bureau of Prisons as the federal agency responsible for administering prisons has been quite efficient in appreciating the need to categorize prisoners depending on their crime. Based on this reasoning, the agency currently operates five security levels of correctional facilities in the nation which accommodate victims depending on the level of security needed (Western, Weiman, Pattillo, 2004). Such facilities range from low security prison camps with weak or no fenced perimeters to high secure prison marked with wall reinforced double-fenced perimeters and high prison guard to inmate ratio. On the contrary, it is commonly asserted that conviction and sentencing of criminals remains the decision of the criminal law courts. Just to be appreciated here is the fact that court trails in the nation are based on the due process procedure clause of the constitution. On the other hand, this constitutional provision bases its decisions on facts presented and the strength of defense given by the defendant in the case (Western, Weiman, Pattillo, 2004). This has the implication that such decisions are subject to error. Indeed, available information has claimed of numerous incidences of unequal conviction for priority criminals. This is because these criminals have been through the system several time and effectively identified the numerous escape loopholes in the system. Based on the above reasoning, the process of categorizing criminals in the correctional facilities based on court judgments remains a major setback to qualify security needs and mitigate poor influence among convicted crime offenders (Conis, DeLisi, 2009). This is because the process leads to accommodating of various levels of criminals in the same, a factor which promotes crime behavioral influence to first time offenders. Such is the reason behind the claim that victims of imprisonment potentially engage in more serious crime upon release from prison. Therefore, the failure of American correctional system can be closely attributed to lack of an efficient mechanism for identifying and group criminals depending on their crime gravity and required correction strategies. Over the passed three decades, the America correctional system has witnessed a high rate of increase in the number of prisoners held in its correctional facilities. This has no doubt been the source for numerous social and political concerns on the problem of overcrowding in the prisons (Meares, 2007). On the other side, overcrowding is to be blamed for increasing facility strain, thus leading to poor living conditions for inmates. According to psychological principles, character is build through persistent instilling of ideas in an individuals subconscious mind. This means that given long-term inhuman conditions imposed by prisoners, they are only bound top develop an attitude of less value for life and others in the society. In addition, numerous research findings have identified a close link between prisoner and prison guard behavior based on correctional facility conditions. It is no doubt that correctional facilities are marked with sense of authority from the prison guards forcing inmates to feel powerless and depersonalized (Wilson, 1993). On the other side, pushed against the wall, human beings are bound to fight back. This implies that the harsh condition imposed on prisoners in correctional facility is a potential cause for law defiance mentality among prisoners. Such attitudes are bound to be transfer to the community level by inmates upon their release, an element that negates their ability to respect law and order in the community. Social institutions as failures in inculcating law-abiding behavior   Sustainable behavior among the young generation is based on the influence brought to them by underlying social institutions in the society. This is based on the fact that at birth a child is purely innocent, only to development attitude and character with time. It is due to this reason why most criminal behaviors in the community are blamed to poor family influence on the young members of the community (Reisig, Cole, Clear, 2008). Family violence in the society is one of the numerous reasons for the failure by parents in promoting law abiding behavior among children. This is because such practices leave parents with limited time to monitor and address behavioral issues of their children.

Contemporary Issues In Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Issues In Marketing - Essay Example Industrial marketing is another contemporary marketing aspect. It entails changing the focus from the end products to capital goods. Industrial marketing utilizes advertising, promotion and communication to consumers in order to increase the sales. In the same way, companies are currently using social marketing as an avenue of generating benefits for members of the society. In order to reach customers regardless of their location, organizations adopt e-marketing that involve use of internet to market their products. This has been achieved through the advancement of technology in the contemporary world. Ethics in Coca-Cola Company Coca-Cola Company maintains corporate governance guidelines that depict the approaches adopted by the company in order to enhance corporate governance that is vital in meeting the needs of its consumers and employees. In order to ensure accountability and transparency in the company, Coca-Cola management team undertakes regular reviews of its system. The rev iew is also undertaken to achieve international ethical practises thus ensuring the company retains its leadership in the soft drink industry. Code of business conduct is one of the major aspects that are adopted by directors, employees and other associates in order to enhance integrity and honesty during the performance of their duties. Any time new directors or employees are hired by the company, they should study and understand the ethics concepts that are covered by the code. In this way, they effectively emulate the required ethical procedures during their duties. The company also has put in place Ethics & Compliance Committee whose responsibilities include administering the Code. Other duties of the... The paper work studies the aspects of social marketing as an avenue of generating benefits for members of the society. In the contemporary world, marketing has been influenced by various aspects that include technology development, customer relationship management, globalization and stiff competition. To ensure that companies remain competitive and the sales volume are increased, it is imperative to ensure that ethical issues are appropriately addressed during the operations of any company. Coca-Cola Company, the world market leader in the soft drink industry has portrayed effective ways of dealing with ethical issues. Despite the criticism that faced the company mostly from India, Coca-Cola has not been left behind as far as undertaking social responsibilities is concerned. This has resulted to creation of strong customer-company relationship which has seen the company sales increase over the years. Another essential marketing aspect that Coca-Cola has adopted is effective segmentat ion of its market. Meeting of its customer needs is an important aspect that Coca-Cola has initiated in its effort to win customer’s loyalty and trust. This has been achieved through segmentation of its market based on the location and behaviours of its customers among other aspects as depicted in the discussion above. Additionally, Coca-Cola has embarked on various strategies in order to improve its brand awareness. These include extensive advertisement of its brands especially via its website and other avenues.

Write 1. a research question ( with detail) 2.The purpose of your Paper

Write 1. a question ( with detail) 2.The purpose of your 3.PICOT (well structured, and feasible) 4.A critic of the literature review of at least three reseach manuscripts 5.A proposal 6.Conclusion - Research Paper Example This results in additional costs for patients, caregivers, and the overall healthcare system. For instance, the UK spends between 1.4 and 2.1 billion pounds to treat pressure ulcers while in Australia, it costs approximately AUS $61,000 to treat a stage four pressure ulcer (Frantz, Gardner, Harvey, & Spetch, 1991). In the US, treatment cost per ulcer can range between $10,000 and $86,000. Although various interventions have been implemented in the prevention and treatment of ulcers, there is little research data regarding the effectiveness of measures adopted. The research will be conducted in government, institutional and private hospitals that handle inpatients as most cases of ulcers are reported among inpatients. Nursing personnel will be trained on how to assess risk among patients and mitigation measures that can be taken to prevent pressure ulcers. The staff will also be trained on early detection of the injuries. Data on patients at risk from developing pressure ulcer will be collected before and after training. The data will also include the number of patients who will develop ulcers over a four-week period before and after the training intervention. Data collected after nursing staff have undergone training will be compared to that collected before the training using various statistical analyses to determine whether there was a significant decline in the number of patients at risk of developing ulcers. Results of the analysis will also indicate whether training of nursing personnel is effective in reducing the number of patients developing pressure ulcers. The study will run for a period of three months. Clinical studies have shown that development of pressure ulcer during hospitalization can be alleviated by adopting appropriate mitigation measures (Severens, Hobraken, Duivenvoorden, & Frederiks, 2002; Vanderwee, Clark, Dealey, Gunningberg, & Defloor, 2007). These measures can include the development of methods and ways of

Recruitment Case Study Essay Example for Free

Recruitment Case Study Essay _________ affect recruitment policies because firms often give preference to current employees in promotions, transfers, and other career-enhancing opportunities. Typically, the first step in an employees introduction to company policies, practices, and benefits is a (n) _________ program. Which of the following statements about an aging organization is true? The information least likely to be obtained in reference checks and recommendations is: The step following recruitment is ________, which is basically a rapid, rough selection process. The role of organizational culture in staffing is best applied if companies: When implementing recruitment activities, initial consideration should be given to a companys __________, especially for filling jobs above the entry level. Promotion-from-within policies must ______________, coupled with a company philosophy that permits employees to consider available opportunities within the organization. Read more:  Recruitment Case Study Recruitment begins by specifying __________, which are the typical result of job analysis and workforce planning activities. Which of the following statements about a company using a passive nondiscrimination posture is true? A soft-quota system: Which of the following is a concerted effort by the organization to actively expand the pool of applicants so that no one is excluded because of past or  present discrimination? Which law gives students the legal right to see all letters of recommendation written about them and also permits release of information about a student only to people approved by the student at the time of the request? Which act requires third-party investigators to secure the applicant’s written consent prior to doing a background check? This type of management style is often associated with organizations in the embryonic stage.

piagets early adulthood stage :: essays research papers

Marshall is a twenty-three year old male in the early adulthood stage of development. He has been married for almost a year now and has a 6-month-old child. He and his wife have recently bought their first home. He us almost finished with his bachelor’s degree in banking and finance. He is taking a few classes while also working a high stress full-time job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As far as physical development, he is in good health. He may be a few pounds overweight because he has become more sedentary since he has been in school full-time and working full-time. He has no substance problems in fact, he has never smoked a cigarette, drank alcohol, or tried any drugs is his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his cognitive development, he has attended five years of college and will graduate this may with a degree in banking and finance. According to John Holland, Marshall is a person of conventional personality. Holland says that Marshall’s personality type like well-structured tasks and values material possessions and social status, which are traits well suited for his finance career. He seems to be some like the conventional personality but mostly his personality falls more in the enterprising category. He is adventurous, persuasive, and a strong leader. So he is definitely a blend of these two personality types.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In emotional development, Marshall seems to have mastered Erikson’s intimacy versus isolation conflict. He has a healthy marriage, and many other close relationships such as friends, family, and coworkers. Marshall also follows Levinson’s early adulthood stage with dreams for his life. His dreams are mostly individualistic and he sees his wife as a supporter of his goals and a primary caregiver for the children. Marshall’s marriage is considered a traditional marriage according to the text, where his wife does the housework and cares for him and the children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marshall had made the transition to parenthood quite well. He had some maturing to do and realizing that his needs no longer came before someone else’s.

Term Papers

MADS 6655. 81 Contemporary Issues in Community Policing Herbert F. Pendleton, EdD Final Exam Select one from each chapter and provide a one paragraph response answering the information requested. Chapter 8 1) Discuss in general rationale for learning â€Å"what works† in criminal justice in general, and for measuring (assessing and evaluating) COPPS initiatives in specific. 2) Describe the major differences between assessments (as defined in the S. A. R. A. problem solving process) and an empirical impact evaluation of a COPPS strategy. ) Explain why the accomplishment of an actual impact evaluation is uniquely challenging for the police agency in terms of one’s knowledge, skills and abilities – and some means for acquiring the services of one who can perform such an evaluation. 4) Describe the kinds of knowledge, skills and abilities that a police officer engaged in COPPS must possess, as well as criteria for assessing an officer’s problem solving perform ance. 5) Explain the benefits of using suyveys for evaluation purposes. 6) Describe the benefits of an agency’s employing the CP-SAT system for its COPPS initiatives.Chapter 9 1) Explain the basic schools of thought as per Knowles and Bloom concerning the concepts of adult – and problem based learning, and apply them to training for COPPS. 2) Describe the characteristics of a learning organization, and why it is important for police agencies to become as such. 3) Delineate the unique challenges that are involved with training police officers. 4) Review how knowledge is imparted at the basic recruit academy as well as with the post academy, in-service, and roll call methods. ) List some kinds of technologies that exist in police training. 6) Detail the means for determining officers’ training needs. Chapter 10 1) Explain in contemporary terms what is meant by diversity. 2) Delineate the historical background of police-minority relations. 3) Review whether or not the criminal justice system discriminates against minorities; include the findings by RAND as well as the perceptions of other notable organizations. 4) Define what is meant by bias-based policing (racial profiling), and explain why it is a destructive practice. ) Define the elements of hate crime, and discuss what measures are being taken by the police to address such acts. 6) Describe some of the cultural customs of people in different nationalities, and discuss why it is important for the police to be aware of those different customs. 7) Explain why it is important for a police agency to be diverse, and provide examples of what some police agencies are doing to enhance their ability to recruit women and minorities. Chapter 11 ) Describe the kinds of strategies that may be employed by police to meet the challenges posed by methamphetamine – and the recent â€Å"shake and bake† form of drug lab – as well as some of the methods used and the hazards faced by the police to identify, eliminate, and clean up clandestine drug labs. 2) Review what research shows works and does not work with regard to street-level drug enforcement, particularly as it concerns crackdowns, community partnerships, and problem-oriented policing. 3) Explain how open-air drug markets operate, what challenges they pose, and what COPPS efforts have done to meet those challenges. ) Explain the problem of prescription drugs, particularly pharmaceutical counterfeiting and â€Å"pharming parties. † 5) Explain how COPPS efforts are being directed toward the identification, prevention, and suppression of gangs. 6) Review the extent and purposes for which graffiti exists, some means by which the problem may be addressed, and how graffiti may be used for intelligence gathering. 7) Explain what some large cities are doing about their crimes of violence in general, and why some of those tactics are controversial. ) Explain what the police can do about dealing with disorderl y conduct by youth in public areas. 9) Describe what can be done to address underage drinking. 10) Review some COPPS approaches to school violence any cyber bullying. Chapter 12 1) Describe the nature and extent of identity theft and some of the ways that the police can attempt to prevent and address it. 2) Explain what is meant by the term â€Å"mental illness,† its nature and extent, contributing factors, and what the police can to cope with it. 3) As with mental llness above, describe the nature and extent of homelessness and some means by which the police can try to cope with it. 4) Review the nature and extent of domestic violence, and how COPPS has affected the approaches to reducing its frequency. 5) Define what is meant by neighborhood disorder, how the economy has contributed to it, and ways COPPS can help to address it. 6) Review the problems surrounding prostitution, and list some means for addressing them. 7) List the four types of stalking situations, and how a C OPPS approach would deal with them. ) Explain how the internet has contributed to criminality, and how social networking sites have a part in those crimes; review the challenges for, and techniques of the police for investigating them. Chapter 13 1) Describe how COPPS efforts have been undertaken in large, medium, and small jurisdictions. 2) Explain how federal and state law enforcement agencies as well as universities are engaging in COPPS activities. Chapter 14 1) Discuss the general system of policing in Canada, including the federal, provincial, and municipal systems. ) Describe the structure and functions of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, including its COPPS model, which they termed â€Å"CAPRA. † 3) Explain the police functions and responsibilities in Japan, with particular emphasis on the koban concept. 4) Review the responsibilities of the Australian Federal Police, to include how it serves the rural (ACT) areas. 5) Explain how crime prevention lies at the root of COPPS in both Sweden and France, as well as other similarities of their approach to, and practice of this philosophy. ) Review the role of constables in Great Britain. 7) Explain the five stages in the development of community policing in Hong Kong. Chapter 15 1) Discuss why a futures orientation is important for police executives and supervisors, as well as the national organization that exists to foster the study and practice of that orientation. 2) Provide an explanation of the kinds of â€Å"accelerators† and challenging crimes that the police must be trained to address in the future. 3) Define succession planning and explain why today’s police leaders must engage in that practice. ) Review the concerns of and reasons for some police observers’ beliefs that there is a trend the police to become more federalized and militarized. 5) Explain the authors’ concerns with the language of policing in general, particularly the tendency to use new labels and t o create new eras of policing; include intelligence-led policing and predictive policing in your response. 6) List a summary of the challenges facing the police in the future in order to fully embrace COPPS. Term Papers Additional Questions – Test Strategy Table of Contents 1Purpose3 2About Additional Questions3 3Requirements4 3. 1As-Is and New AQ Features4 AQ As-Is Feature from V14 AQ Additional / Enhanced Feature for V24 ?Create AQ functional Component4 ?AQ FCA linked to Scoring FCA4 ?Create AQ Event by copying an existing event (closed, open, draft & archived)4 ? Invite Supplier4 3. 2AQ High Level Functionality and List of User Stories5 Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the As-Is AQ Functionality5 Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the New AQ Functionality5 4Additional Questions Development6 . 1AQ Feature Development in Releases6 4. 2In Sprint Testing (Blue are new AQ features)6 4. 3System Testing7 4. 4In Sprint Testing Dependencies7 4. 5System Testing Dependencies8 1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to give the overview of the Test Strategy (Approach) for Additional Questions Feature which will be developed and Implemented for V2. This documen t briefs about AQ functionality and its requirements, the development approach, this document also discuss about the various levels of testing AQ as its being developed & the dependencies for testing. About Additional Questions Additional Question is an existing functionality of V1 Accelerate application, hence it’s known as As-Is feature for V2. And also have some additional/enhanced features for V2. This Additional Questions (AQ) is a buyer centric functionality and in V1 AQ is not a common feature which is available for all Buyers. It’s a Bolt-On feature, where a Buyer organisation can opt for this feature by making additional payment. AQ functionality has been developed and implemented in V1 in a way it can be configured for any Buyer Organisation.AQ provides an additional edge to Buyer Organisation where they can ask their intended Questions to a specific set of suppliers of their own interest and short list them upon their response. Using this feature member of a Buyer Organisation, who is having permissions to AQ can create an AQ Event which comprises of a template with questions, and the member can search for suppliers and invite them all or a specific set of suppliers to answer the questions, on or before a dead line date set for the particular AQ event by the member.Buyer user can create AQ Events and save it for feature purpose, existing AQ event can be used by some other Buyer Organisation member and the member can use it as it is or can do some changes before inviting the suppliers. Even the invited AQ events can be reused. Buyer User will be able to add or remove questions to an AQ event. A. Q summary is the last stage of draft event in which the user can preview the whole event and also review it before sending it to the supplier users. Supplier needs to respond to AQ and buyer will rate supplier according.Scoring engine will help AQ to rate Supplier. AQ product needs to be configured by C3 user with all required features. AQ will be added as a component which will be inherited by child product (community). * 3 Requirements Requirements developed as User Stories and reviewed by Products & Services team and approved. Both the existing features (As-Is) and the new V2 specific additional / enhanced features are also covered in user stories. The below table will give the bifurcation of Existing and New features of Additional Questions. . 1 As-Is and New AQ Features * AQ As-Is Feature from V1| * AQ Additional / Enhanced Feature for V2| * Create AQ Template | * Create AQ functional Component| * Create AQ Draft event & review of AQ| * AQ FCA linked to Scoring FCA| * Create AQ Event using AQ Template| * Permission to C3 User for AQ| * Create AQ Event by copying an existing event (closed, open, draft & archived)| * Create & use AQ Library * | * Invite Supplier| * Language Support to AQ| AQ view for GBO | * Buyer assigns scoring to AQ Event| * AQ view for Buyer| * Scoring can be manual or automatic * | * AQ view for Su pplier| * AQ alert to buyer when Current Date + 7 >= End Date| * Modification to AQ Open Event | * Reminder email to supplier who has not responded| * Categorisation of AQ Open Event (Responded, Not Responded, Not Interested)| * Clarification asked by Buyer on AQ supplier response | * AQ Reports| * AQ scoring for each supplier| * | * Comparison of AQ with respect to supplier| * | * Buyer rate & email to supplier on AQ Close Event| * 4. 2 AQ High Level Functionality and List of User Stories * Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the As-Is AQ Functionality Area| Functionality| User Story| GBO| | | | | | | | | Buyer| | | | | | | | | | | | Supplier| | | | | | | | | * Table below gives the mapping of User Stories against the New AQ Functionality Area| Functionality| User Story| GBO | | | | | | | | | Buyer| | | | | | | | | | | | Supplier| | | | | | | | | * 4 V2 Development Strategy 5. 3 Development Approach V2 development is a mix of both Waterfall and Agile development f ramework.The Development of requirements follows waterfall, where as the actual code development will happen in agile methodology. First all the User Stories will be written, reviewed and signed off by the stake holders. Development will follow the high level milestone plan, which comprises of internal releases and Demo Release. Date| 1/Dec/12| 1/Jan/13| 15/Jan/13| 29/Jan/13| 1/Feb/13| 1/Mar/13| 15/Mar/13| 29/Mar/13| Release| Alpha 0. 1| Alpha 0. 2| Alpha 0. 3| Alpha 1. 0| Alpha 1. 1| Alpha 1. 2| Alpha 1. 3| Alpha 2. 0| Purpose| Internal| Internal| Internal| Board| Internal| Internal| Internal| Board|As mentioned above each and every internal release has multiple Iterations for development and the user stories will be allocated to these iterations for development. Within these iterations all the allocated user stories will be developed and tested In-Sprint Testing. 5. 4 AQ Feature Development in Releases As explained above, AQ as feature to be developed for V2 will also follow the s ame development methodology, All User Stories belongs to AQ will first written, reviewed and signed off, and then developed in multiple releases in multiple iterations.The table below will give us the picture of AQ Development in Release and Iteration wise. The Main purpose of the below table is to give clear picture of When AQ feature development will be started and in which release it will developed and delivered 100%. Table below will not give the Start and End dates of either each and every release or Iterations, these dates are available with the development team and ion their plan. Release| Iteration| User Story| Functionality / Area| Internal Release Alpha 0. 1| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 0. 2| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 0. 3| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Demo Release 1. 0| Iteration 1| | | | Ite ration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 1| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 2| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Internal Release Alpha 1. 3| Iteration 1| | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | Demo Release 2. 0| Iteration 1| | | | Iteration 2| | | | Iteration 3| | | | Iteration 4| | | 5 AQ Test Approach This section describes the test approach for Additional Question by explaining the following. * Testing Scope of Additional Questions * Dependency with other critical V2 functionalities * Integration with Third Party Application Features * Levels of Testing * Test Design & Execution * Test Data Requirements * Functional Automation Testing * Non Functional Testing Scope 6. 5 Scope of Additional QuestionsAdditional Question as feature it spread across all the major areas of V2 application, though it’s Buyer centric feature it’s having scope in C3 (Configuration Control Center), GBO (Global Back Office), SCC (Standard Company Concept) Buyer & Supplier. End to End Perspective From an end to end perspective the AQ functionality testing needs to be started from C3 (may be configuration of AQ – need additional information to complete it) and then SCC-Buyer can create AQ Events and invite Suppliers and then SCC- Suppliers can respond for AQ events.From GBO-User perspective AQ needs to be tested for AQ Dashboard, AQ Reports, etc†¦ (need additional information to complete this section) Non Functional Perspective – Performance Few AQ Features needs to be tested for Performance * AQ template creation with more Questions * Inviting multiple suppliers * Response time of viewing AQ responses * AQ Report Generation for SCC-Buyer & GBO User Multilingual Perspective As Additional Question can be configured for any scheme / community, and we have communities which support more than on e language, AQ needs to be tested in all applicable languages.Cross Browser Perspective As Buyer organisation members and Suppliers can use any browser to access the application, Additional Questions features needs to be tested in multiple browser combinations. Community Specific Additional Questions can be configured for specific communities and as we already have few communities effectively using AQ, all such communities needs to be tested thoroughly AQ feature. Supplier Perspective AQ needs to be thoroughly tested with * Newly Registered Suppliers * Migrated Suppliers 6. 6 Additional Questions Dependency with other Features. AdditionalQuestions is one of the feature in V2 application, this feature has some integration / dependency with some other features of V2 application. This section describes the AQ dependency with such other features of V2. This dependency may play a critical role in AQ testing at functional level and at end to end testing, we may have a work around to bypas s the dependency, where as some feature must be available to test AQ. AQ Feature| Dependent Feature| Dependency level| When This Feature will be Ready| Do we have Work Around| Work Around| Effectiveness of Work Around| Invite Supplier| Search| Very High| ? ? | | ? | | Email Generation| Very High| ? | ? | | ? | | Existing / Migrated Suppliers| High| ? | ? | | ? | All such dependencies for all AQ features needs to be captured in a separate excel sheet and attached to this document. And the Dependencies needs to be discussed with Development team, as we may need their help for some work around or the feature needs to be developed in a priority. This dependency is very critical for test execution. 6. 7 Integration with Third Party Application Features This section needs to be filled in 6. 8 Levels of TestingAdditional Questions will be tested at In-Sprint Testing and System Testing, this section describes what will be covered in In-Sprint Testing and System Testing. In-Sprint Testing In -Sprint Testing is part of development, In-Sprint testing team will work along with Development team for Release and Iterations, user stories assigned to iterations is the scope for development and testing, while development teams starts coding In-Sprint testing team starts test design, when the feature is developed and ready for testing, In-Sprint test team will test the feature and give the result.In-Sprint test team covers Unit, Integration, Continuous Integration and Regression Testing. In-Sprint Unit Testing In unit testing, team checks for the following using Checklists * Field Level Validation of all controls * Boundary Value, Equivalence Partitioning * Page Navigation on Links * Messages (information on control validation, Tool Tips, etc†¦ ) * Page Templates, Company Logo, T&C’s, Copy Right, etc†¦ * Cross Browser – All UI design needs to be validated with all applicable browser combinationsIn-Sprint Integration Testing Team test the features developed integrated with preceded and following features of a feature belongs to same module (Group of requirements, belongs to one user story) within the iteration as the features being developed in iterations. And also the integration of group of requirements developed (one User story) with another group of requirements (another User Story) as iteration is having multiple User stories. In-Sprint test team will write functional test cases to test this integration of features.In-Sprint Continuous Integration Testing Team tests the integration of features developed in multiple iterations, as the features developed across multiple iterations of any release are being continuously integrated together. Team may write separate set of integration test cases for this else they will enhance their existing integration test cases to test this, in an another approach team can group set of individual integration test cases and execute them in an order which covers this continuous integration.In-Sprint R egression Testing Test team executes all the test cases which belongs to earlier release for any successive release, this is to ensure that the new release features are not hampering the existing features already developed and tested and also ensures the integration of features in between two successive release is working fine. Table below gives a picture of Unit, Integration, Continuous Integration & Regression testing for Releases and Iterations.Release| Iteration| User Story| Feature| Testing| | | | | Unit| Integration| Continuous Integration| Regression| Release 1| Iteration 1| User Story 1| Feature 1| Y| Integration of feature 1+2+3+4| Continuous Integration of User Story 1 + 2+ 3| Release 1 TC's Regression Suite for Release 2| | | | Feature 2| Y| | | | | | | Feature 3| Y| | | | | | | Feature 4| Y| | | | | | User Story 2| Feature 5| Y| Integration of feature 5+6+7+8| | | | | | Feature 6| Y| | | | | | | Feature 7| Y| | | | | | | Feature 8| Y| | | | | User Story 3| Feature 9| Y| Integration of feature 9+10| | | | | | Feature 10| Y| | | | | Iteration 2| User Story 4| Feature 11| Y| Integration of feature 11+12+13+14| Continuous Integration of User Story 1 + 2+ 3+4+5+6| | | | | Feature 12| Y| | | | | | | Feature 13| Y| | | | | | | Feature 14| Y| | | | | | User Story 5| Feature 15| Y| Integration of feature 15+16+17+18| | | | | | Feature 16| Y| | | | | | | Feature 17| Y| | | | | | | Feature 18| Y| | | | | | User Story 6| Feature 19| Y| Integration of feature 19+20| | | | | | Feature 20| Y| | | |Release 2| Iteration 3| User Story 7| Feature 21| Y| Y| Y| Release 1 + Release 2 TC's Regression Suite for Release 3| | | | Feature 22| Y| | | | | | | Feature 23| Y| | | | | | | Feature 24| Y| | | | | | User Story 8| Feature 25| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 26| Y| | | | | | | Feature 27| Y| | | | | | | Feature 28| Y| | | | | | User Story 9| Feature 29| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 30| Y| | | | | Iteration 4| User Story 10| Feature 31| Y| Y| Y| | | | | Feature 32| Y| | | | | | | F eature 33| Y| | | | | | | Feature 34| Y| | | | | | User Story 11| Feature 35| Y| Y| | | | | Feature 36| Y| | | | | | | Feature 37| Y| | | | | | | Feature 38| Y| | | | | | User Story 12| Feature 39| Y| Y| | | | | | Feature 40| Y| | | | System Testing System testing will be executed by System Testing team, System test design and execution will be done as End to End level. In System test design we will write Test Scenarios and Prepare Test Data to execute the System Testing. Test Scenarios will cover multiple functionalities with all permutation and combination of functionalities to test all possible real time end to end scenarios.System testing will also cover the end to end scenarios for maximum number of suppliers, for example System testing will be executed for inviting 500 suppliers for an AQ event, creating an AQ event with 100 Questions. And to execute the end to end testing for such high volume of suppliers we need support from Automation, because as the V2 application being de veloped right from the scratch, existing suppliers not available in the system, hence we need to first register for 100 of suppliers, registering 100 of suppliers will require high resource count and it’s practically not possible.And also respond to an AQ event sent for 100 of suppliers it take time and resource, if it needs to be done manually, in such scenario we need Automation script to complete the task. 6. 9 Test Design 6. 10 Test Data Requirements 6. 11 Functional Automation Testing 6. 12 Non Functional Testing Scope

Hindu Religion

HINDU RELIGION Dennis E. Leber Axia College RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD (AXIA) HUM/130 NAOMI DOUMBIA AUG 14, 2007 The Hindu religion The Hindu religion is strongly dependent on the Hindu philosophy and in addition, has inculcated a lot of rituals and practices. The Hindu religion has 333 million gods; this is because the Hindu philosophy believes that every human being is God himself. This acceptance of the multiplicity of the Supreme Being in many forms is the hallmark of the Hindu religion. The Hindu religion is also very assimilative and has accepted many faiths into it. The Hindu religion also allows religious freedom and does not enforce the edicts of the religion on anyone. In fact, Hinduism teaches that a person, in order to attain liberation from the worldly bondage, must select the religion that he is comfortable in. Hence, it accepts the existence of all other religions as a means to realize God. The Hindu religion like other religions also believes in the battle between the good and the evil although at a lower level of existence. The religion preaches that man must advance himself through successive levels of knowledge in his quest for the final truth. Hence, the concept of the Devas, or the good deities and the Asuras, the demoniac characters are very important in the Hindu traditions. Many folklores revolve around the battles between the Devas and the Asuras. The important Godheads in the Hindu tradition are Brahma, Vishnu and Siva who correspond with the three ‘Gunas' or qualities of Satva (pureness), Rajas(action), and Tamas(darkness and inactivity). Man is a mixture of the three gunas and the inherent nature of a person will depend on the predominance of the three gunas in him. The Hindu Social Life The Hindu social life is caste based, which was originally devised for the division of labor. Hence the Hindu society has the Brahmins, the highest class who performs rituals and is supposed to be the most educated in terms of religion. Then comes the Kshatriyas who are the warrior and ruling class. Following them in importance comes the Vaishyas, who are the business class. Last comes the Shudras who serve the upper class. People who do not come in these four classes were previously classified as the untouchables who had to do menial jobs in the society and were looked down upon. Women were given important position in the family even though her importance in public affairs was greatly curtailed during the later years of Hindu history The Hindu way of life has many beliefs that were perhaps a means that offered social balance in the society. For example, the norm of sacrifice and the mandatory rules on feeding others helped to provide food for the needy. Similarly, the social practices were seen as the physical manifestations of the philosophical edicts that Hinduism preached. For example the practice of sacrifice to the fire is a physical manifestation of the philosophic ritual of giving up everything for the sake of understanding the truth. Similarly, the belief that the confluence of the three rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswathi is holy, is due to the Tantric belief that the meeting point of the three nerve centers in the body awakens the Kundalini, which is the seat of power in the human body. The desire for liberation from earthly existence Dharma is the duty that you have to fulfill in life through your placement. Karma states that you will reap what you sow. And the desire for liberation from earthly existence is achieved through the combination of the two aforementioned methods. Life & death has a cycle. The cycle is wrought with earthly pleasures & pain. Your intention is to be free from materialistic desires because they are temporary. Only the soul is eternal. So by meditating, fulfilling your duties, and by eventually ridding yourself of your karma; you are free to exist as soul and be one with the universe as opposed to continuing the cycle of birth & death. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hindu drawn from Aug, 2007 Origin of Hinduism, About. com drawn from Aug 2007

Moments - Definition of Statistics Terms

Moments - Definition of Statistics Terms Moments in mathematical statistics involve a basic calculation.  These calculations can be used to find a probability distributions mean, variance, and skewness. Suppose that we have a set of data with a total of n discrete points. One important calculation, which is actually several numbers, is called the sth moment. The sth moment of the data set with values x1, x2, x3, ... , xn is given by the formula: (x1s x2s x3s ... xns)/n Using this formula requires us to be careful with our order of operations. We need to do the exponents first, add, then divide this sum by n the total number of data values. A Note on the Term Moment The term moment has been taken from physics. In physics, the moment of a system of point masses is calculated with a formula identical to that above, and this formula is used in finding the center of mass of the points. In statistics, the values are no longer masses, but as we will see, moments in statistics still measure something relative to the center of the values.​ First Moment For the first moment, we set s 1. The formula for the first moment is thus: (x1x2 x3 ... xn)/n This is identical to the formula for the sample mean. The first moment of the values 1, 3, 6, 10 is (1 3 6 10) / 4 20/4 5. Second Moment For the second moment we set s 2. The formula for the second moment is: (x12 x22 x32 ... xn2)/n The second moment of the values 1, 3, 6, 10 is (12 32 62 102) / 4 (1 9 36 100)/4 146/4 36.5. Third Moment For the third moment we set s 3. The formula for the third moment is: (x13 x23 x33 ... xn3)/n The third moment of the values 1, 3, 6, 10 is (13 33 63 103) / 4 (1 27 216 1000)/4 1244/4 311. Higher moments can be calculated in a similar way. Just replace s in the above formula with the number denoting the desired moment. Moments About the Mean A related idea is that of the sth moment about the mean. In this calculation we perform the following steps: First, calculate the mean of the values.Next, subtract this mean from each value.Then raise each of these differences to the sth power.Now add the numbers from step #3 together.Finally, divide this sum by the number of values we started with. The formula for the sth moment about the mean m of the values values x1, x2, x3, ..., xn is given by: ms ((x1 - m)s (x2 - m)s (x3 - m)s ... (xn - m)s)/n First Moment About the Mean The first moment about the mean is always equal to zero, no matter what the data set is that we are working with. This can be seen in the following: m1 ((x1 - m) (x2 - m) (x3 - m) ... (xn - m))/n ((x1 x2 x3 ... xn) - nm)/n m - m 0. Second Moment About the Mean The second moment about the mean is obtained from the above formula by settings 2: m2 ((x1 - m)2 (x2 - m)2 (x3 - m)2 ... (xn - m)2)/n This formula is equivalent to that for the sample variance. For example, consider the set 1, 3, 6, 10. We have already calculated the mean of this set to be 5. Subtract this from each of the data values to obtain differences of: 1 – 5 -43 – 5 -26 – 5 110 – 5 5 We square each of these values and add them together: (-4)2 (-2)2 12 52 16 4 1 25 46. Finally divide this number by the number of data points: 46/4 11.5 Applications of Moments As mentioned above, the first moment is the mean and the second moment about the mean is the sample variance. Karl Pearson introduced the use of the third moment about the mean in calculating skewness and the fourth moment about the mean in the calculation of kurtosis.

Child Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Child Development - Essay Example For the realization of an optimal development, the cognitive, social, emotional, and language development of children needs to be well understood. There was the need to establish an in-depth understanding towards the development of a child cutting across cognitive, emotional, social and language development. This paper explores a case study of Kevin’s development explaining the areas where Kevin achieves the developmental steps every day. This case study will refer to Kevin as the main subject of the paper in order to maintain confidentiality. Kevin is 9 months years old and resides with his mother and father, in their home, in the country. He was born in UK. His father is an African where as his mother is an Arab. Kevin’s parents have full time employment. They not only speak English as a second language but also French and Arabic. Kevin lives with his parents, two older brothers of ages eight and six years old, and a sister who is nine years old. They also have neighb ors who do not speak English as their first language. Kevin has toys that he likes to play with them. He also likes to eat biscuits. Kevin does not like a separation from the mother and finds it difficult to adjust to his mother’s attempts to live him in the kitchen alone. In this study, Kevin’s observation shall take place in their quiet home environment. This observation would be carried out in different stages. First, Kevin shall be observed with his mother in the kitchen. The second observation will be done in the presence of Kevin’s brothers and sister. Cognitive development. According to the cognitive development observation (Appendix A) Kevin could be able to repeat actions intentionally so as to trigger environmental responses. For instance, Kevin moved his legs and smiled when his mother showed him his milk bottle. In this case, Kevin was confidence to identify his milk bottle. In this case, Kevin demonstrated figurative intelligence by perceiving his m ilk bottle. Figurative intelligence involves a static intelligence aspect which involves the representations that are used to retain the state of mind. Like for the case of Kevin, figurative intelligence involved the mental imagery, and perception of the milk bottle. When his mother shows him his milk bottle a mental picture is created in his mind thus making him perceive the milk bottle. When he identifies the shape of his milk bottle and smiles he shows that he obtained intervened transformation in his mind. Piaget (2001, p .7) points out that the figurative intelligence aspects obtain their meaning from the operative intelligence aspects. Operative intelligence in this case involves covert or overt actions that are undertaken so as to anticipate objects transformation for the interest of a child. In addition to this, Kevin identification of his milk bottle was a representative aspect of intelligence development. This was also a clear indication of assimilation of new ideas. Piage t (2001, p.8) argues out that assimilation occurs in children when they come across unfamiliar ideas and refers to the information learnt previously so as to make sense out of it. When Kevin saw his milk bottle, he remembered using it some other time hence making sense of it. To recognize the milk bottle, Kevin focused on the objects contours, recognize the size of the object, thus developing mental schema of the milk bottle thus operative intelligence. This was evidenced when he looked at the milk bottle and smiled, showing out that he had gained enough object performance, and, therefore, reaction coordination. This was also an indication of a construction of knowledge that is new without the knowledge being poured into a child's head. During observation, when Kevin realized that his bottle was missing, his face changed,

Globalization Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization - Case Study Example Many things have conspired to make this trend a reality, primary of which is the constant push for globalization from liberal political theories that a â€Å"rising tide lifts all boats† as famously uttered by former president John F. Kennedy in one of his speeches. Another is rapid technology, especially in the areas of information and communications technologies (ICT) in which both geographic distance and time zone differentials had been shortened or compressed, in what is now called as a â€Å"flat world† where people produce goods and services continuously on a twenty-four hour basis. A very frequent theme of globalization critics is the concept of a â€Å"race to the bottom† in which manufacturers try to get the cheapest products made abroad at the lowest labor costs possible. These issues are the main concerns in this management case study regarding bicycle manufacturing. Discussion Super Sized Cycles is a little niche maker of custom-built bicycles intende d for big (obese or fat) people who are too big or heavy for ordinary and conventional bicycles. It is owned by Ms. Denizot and is in existence for barely five years already and operates out of the Burlington city in Vermont State in the United States of America. Her bikes are certainly not cheap, as these costs range from $699 up to $3,395 in price but these are built sturdier to carry overweight people and not collapse under a heavy load; the wheels, tires, seats, and steel frames are built much stronger than ordinary bikes. Sales last year was around $104,000 only. Mission Statement – Big Bikes for Big People at an affordable price of high quality Target Market – the obvious target market for this small niche-market manufacturer of big bikes are people who are obese or overweight which ordinary bicycles cannot carry as their big weight cause these ordinary bikes to either collapse or suffer a flat tire. There is now a sizable number of people who belong to this cate gory of overweight people as there is an on-going obesity epidemic in the United States of America due to changing lifestyle patterns, primarily the lack of any adequate physical exercise to burn off excess calories and the habits of many people to consume a lot of junk foods such as fast-food which are low in nutrients but high in bad cholesterol. In fact, this obesity epidemic is now so bad it is estimated that one out of every three adult Americans is considered overweight based on the body mass index or BMI which is the easiest way to measure if a person is obese or not (The Economist para. 3). Even children today are also markedly obese compared to kids two or three decades ago. Economists have considered imposing a so-called â€Å"fat tax† to discourage the people from eating too much junk food these days. However, there is another more positive approach to changing people behaviors through an activist approach which is to encourage obese people to be more physically ac tive through exercise. One of the healthier and more fun ways to do so is through biking and Super Sized Cycles has wonderfully found this viable alternative by offering to overweight people the chance to own a bike that is suitable for their size. There is a clear customer need for big bikes for big people who often cannot find the right bike. A generic business-level strategy for this small company for big bikers is to market exclusively to people who are considered obese based on their individual BMI. This is a type of focused strategy which means the company should sell big bikes only and nothing else that will dilute its strategy and make it lose its marketing focus. Examples are the two models that the owner had developed by herself (named as â€Å"