Definition and Examples of Parallelism in Grammar

Definition and Examples of Parallelism in Grammar In English  grammar, parallelism is the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. Also called parallel structure, paired construction, and  isocolon. By convention, items in a series appear in parallel grammatical form: a noun is listed with other nouns, an -ing form with other -ing forms, and so on. Kirszner and Mandell point out that parallelism adds unity, balance, and coherence to your writing. Effective parallelism makes sentences easy to follow and emphasizes relationships among equivalent ideas (The Concise Wadsworth Handbook,  2014). In traditional grammar, failure to arrange related items in parallel grammatical form is called faulty parallelism.   Etymology From the Greek, beside one another Examples and Observations Buy a bucket of chicken and have a barrel of fun.(Slogan of Kentucky Fried Chicken)How vain it is to sit down to write when you have not stood up to live!(Henry David Thoreau, A Year in Thoreaus Journal: 1851)The loss we felt was not the loss of ham but the loss of pig.(E. B. White, Death of a Pig. The Atlantic, January 1948)When you are right you cannot be too radical; when you are wrong, you cannot be too conservative.(Martin Luther King, Jr., Why We Cant Wait. Signet, 1964)Immature poets imitate; mature poets steal.(T.S. Eliot, Philip Massinger, 1920)It took a man like Madiba to free not just the prisoner, but the jailer as well; to show that you must trust others so that they may trust you; to teach that reconciliation is not a matter of ignoring a cruel past, but a means of confronting it with inclusion and generosity and truth. He changed laws, but he also changed hearts.(President Barack Obama, speech at the memorial service for former South African president Nelson Mandela, D ecember 10, 2013) After a few miles, we drove off a cliff.It wasn’t a big cliff. It was only about four feet high. But it was enough to blow out the front tire, knock off the back bumper, break Dad’s glasses, make Aunt Edythe spit out her false teeth, spill a jug of Kool-Aid, bump Missy’s head, spread the Auto Bingo pieces all over, and make Mark do number two.(John Hughes, Vacation 58. National Lampoon, 1980)New roads; new ruts.(Attributed to G. K. Chesterton)Hes quite a man with the girls. They say hes closed the eyes of many a man and opened the eyes of many a woman.(Telegraph operator to Penny Worth in Angel and the Badman, 1947)They are laughing at me, not with me.(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)Voltaire could both lick boots and put the boot in. He was at once opportunist and courageous, cunning and sincere. He managed, with disconcerting ease, to reconcile love of freedom with love of hours.(Attributed to Dominique Eddà ©)Truth is not a diet but a condiment.(Attributed to Chri stopher Morley) Some of the people said that the elephant had gone in one direction, some said that he had gone in another, some professed not even to have heard of any elephant.(George Orwell, Shooting An Elephant. New Writing, 1936)Our transportation crisis will be solved by a bigger plane or a wider road, mental illness with a pill, poverty with a law, slums with a bulldozer, urban conflict with a gas, racism with a goodwill gesture.(Philip Slater,  The Pursuit of Loneliness. Houghton Mifflin, 1971)Unlike novelists and playwrights, who lurk behind the scenes while distracting our attention with the puppet show of imaginary characters, unlike scholars and journalists, who quote the opinions of others and shelter behind the hedges of neutrality, the essayist has nowhere to hide.(Scott Russell Sanders, The Singular First Person. The Sewanee Review, Fall 1998)O well for the fishermans boy,That he shouts with his sister at play!O well for the sailor lad,That he sings in his boat on the bay!(Alfred L ord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break, 1842) [Todays students] can put dope in their veins or hope in their brains. . . . If they can conceive it and believe it, they can achieve it. They must know it is not their aptitude but their attitude that will determine their altitude.(Rev. Jesse Jackson, quoted by Ashton Applewhite et al. in And I Quote, rev. ed. Thomas Dunne, 2003) Effects Created by Parallelism [T]he value of parallel structure goes beyond aesthetics. . . . It points up the structure of the sentence, showing readers what goes with what and keeping them on the right track.(Claire K. Cook, Line by Line. Houghton Mifflin, 1985) Several studies have shown that in conjoined structures, even without ellipsis, parallelism of many types is helpful to the processor,  in that the second conjunct is easier  to process if it is parallel to the first in some way . . ..(Katy Carlson,  Parallelism and Prosody in the Processing of Ellipsis Sentences.  Routledge, 2002) Parallelism has the potential to create rhythm, emphasis, and drama as it clearly presents ideas or action. Consider this long, graceful (and witty) sentence that begins a magazine article on sneakers: A long time ago- before sneaker companies had the marketing clout to spend millions of dollars sponsoring telecasts of the Super Bowl; before street gangs identified themselves by the color of their Adidas; before North Carolina States basketball players found they could raise a little extra cash by selling the freebie Nikes off their feet; and before a sneakers very sole had been gelatinized, Energaired, Hexalited, torsioned and injected with pressurized gas- sneakers were, well, sneakers.[E.M. Swift, Farewell, My Lovely. Sports Illustrated, February 19, 1990] First note the obvious parallelism of four clauses beginning with the word before and proceeding with similar grammatical patterns. Then note the parallel list of sneaker attributes: gelatinized, Energaired and so on. This is writing with pizzazz. It moves. It almost makes you interested in sneakers! Of course you noticed the nice bit of word play- the sneakers very sole.(Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, When Words Collide: A Media Writers Guide to Grammar and Style, 7th ed. Thomson Learning, 2008) Pronunciation: PAR-a-lell-izm

Lswee9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lswee9 - Essay Example Nothing speaks for itself’ (Thorpe and Holt, 2008: p. 184). It can be anticipated that any researcher will have preconceived ideas about the area of study. This preconception will be founded upon the knowledge gained before actually commencing the research when interacting with others concerned. In my case, I am part of the company. The preconceptions held are going, in some way, going to have an influence both upon the way the research is conducted and could perhaps influence the results obtained. This occurs because it is the researcher who interprets the data, whether this be from his observations, the text of interviews, or from documents obtained from participants. When the researcher reflects upon the preconceptions he might have towards the subject of study and the participants involved, he must also reflect upon how his own characteristics will have an effect upon the data he collected. Hertz (1997: p. 8) stated that reflexivity allows the researcher to realise where he is in relation to the research undertaken , and so is able to minimise the effect he, and his personal ideas and knowledge has upon the research undertaken. When undertaking qualitative research it can be difficult for the researcher to operate in a detached way as they are required to interact personally with the respondents. Reflexive research is able to take this involvement of the researcher into account (Thorpe and Holt, 2008: p. 184). The writers are able to discuss this topic within reflexivity which is where methodological, discussing the proximity of the researchers to the matter under discussion. It is shown that the researcher need to be aware of this closeness and so be aware of the need to be professional and keep their distance so that the process of data collection and its outcomes is influenced in the most minimal way possible and not compromised. Johnson and Duberly (2000: p. 191) discuss

Benefits of Free Enterprise Economy over Command and Control Term Paper

Benefits of Free Enterprise Economy over Command and Control - Term Paper Example consists of the relations between institutions and agencies, the flow of information between them and the existence of social relations within an economy (Howard & King, 2014). There are mainly three types of economic system that exists, namely, Market economy, the Mixed Economy and the Planned Economy (Woods Jr, 2015). Market economy is associated with limited interference of government. Planned economy on the other hand is completely opposite to market economy. In planned economy, all the important decisions connected with the production, distribution and prices are taken by the state. A mixed economy is an amalgamation of fundamentals of both market economy and planned economy. This implies that certain attributes from both the economies are taken to form a mixed economy. In this type of economy, the economic decision making is undertaken by both the private sector entities and the government. The system showing mixed economic features have flexibility in some sectors and government control in others. To balance broad range of economic and political views, mixed economy involves both socialist and capitalist economic guidelines (Kaynak, 2014). Other name of free enterprise economy is market economy or laissez faire economy or capitalist economy. Before discussing the features of the free enterprise, it is essential to have a clear idea regarding the definition of market. Lewis, (2013) defined market as a structure where buyers and sellers are engaged in the process of exchange of goods, information and services. It is a place where demand and supply of a commodity is created. When the supply of a good is equal to its demand, then this leads to equilibrium. At this point, equilibrium quantity and equilibrium prices are determined which implies that the allocation of goods has reached its optimal point. It has been examined by Kaynak, (2014) that concepts of supply and demand help in structuring the pricing system. When availability of goods is larger than its

Sociological areas of criminology on moral panic

Sociological areas of criminology on moral panic Before discussing the social areas of crime. We have to understand what crime is? if any body breaks the criminal laws it may be defined as crime. (sociology making..,2009,page- 556) In sociological aspect of crime sociologists believe that crime cannot be properly understood without examining the surrounding social, political and economical context. The sociological areas of studying crime is really massive. Sometimes the criminals may be caught and sometimes they may not. Some criminals use to advertise themselves and some keep silence. The numbers of crime is always high than the numbers shown. Sociological study of crime is basically the case study of those criminals who breaks the rules of society and not advertise themselves because ht behaviour is always much problematic and painful. The study of crime is always tough because the researchers need to find the subject. In sociological approach the study depends on the way which highlights that how anyone does crime. What social conditions compailed the person to do a crime and be a criminal. Sociological criminology seeks to explain crime`s relationship to social and environmental change. Another area of social criminology is based on marxism theory. It highlights that crime is ultimately the result of conflict between different social classes. This theory believes that basically laws are made by the group that is in power, to control people who are not in power. This is conflict theory of crime or critical criminology. Another sociological areas of criminology is social process criminology which explain that how people criminals. In this study basic focus is on criminal behaviour as learned behaviour. So, we can say that in sociological areas of criminology we emphasis on social situations responsible for crime. (sociology making..,2009,page- 557) Sociological areas of family Family is the strongest bond of society. It is the main institution of society which is found within the households. Family always changes across time and place and its a social construction. (mckie et al,2005,page- 445) In sociology areas of family we study the various theoretical approaches to the family. Some sociological approaches of families are functionalist, feminist and new rights perspective. The functionalist theory of family is based on socialization. It emphasis that the family socialise its members and this socialisation is beneficial for both family and the society. Feminist approach is the study based on the position of a men within a patriarchal society. The new sight perspective is the study that how family teaches its members that what is wrong and what is right. Another sociological areas of family is the study of decline in family. This area is based on the study of social problems related with family. This study is mostly based on western society. First part of this area is based on family violence. Family is a good and peaceful place but according to this study family can be a dangerous place to be. This problem is mostly caused in nuclear family. Domestic violence is another s ocial problem of family. Physical force applied on women and children caused by aggressiveness is the part of domestic violence. In simple words we can say that the sociological area of family describes both benefits and problems of the society caused by the family. Sociological areas of media Present age is the age of media. Media is unseparated part of today`s life. Most of the information we gathered from the media. In one hand media educates us and in other it is the real source of connecting people. Many types of media is present in today`s society like television, radio, newspaper, internet, etc. We can say that without media we cannot imagine the normal life. It is the accepted part of life. We spend our maximum part of time and money for using media. In (1998, brigs and cobley) extend his views to assert that as we more into the new millenmium the media are increasingly a central part of our lives, our cultures and global economics. (sociology making..,2009,page- 685) Because of this mass effect media has vast sociological area. It shows a very effective role in society different writers analayse and identified the different aspects of media in society. (Mcquail ,1994) drawed a red sketch on media`s social areas. As (mcquail ,1994) described some important social areas of media is as follows:- Information: à ¢-  Media circulates the information about different conditions and events of world and society. à ¢-  It indicates the relation of power. à ¢-  Media facilitate the innovations, adaptions and progress. Correlation: à ¢-  Media explains, interprets and comments on the meaning of events and information. à ¢-  Media provides support to established authority and norms. à ¢-  Media does consensus building. à ¢-  Media sets orders of priorities and signalling relative status. Continuity: à ¢-  Media expresses the dominant culture and recorganises subcultures and new cultural developments. à ¢-  It forges and maintaines common values. Entertainment: à ¢-  Media provides amusement, diversion and means of relaxation. à ¢-  Media reduces social tension by the resource of entertainment. Mobilization: à ¢-  Media campaigning for societal objectives in the sphere of polities, war, economic development, work and sometimes religion. (Mcquail, 1994:79), (sociology making, 2009, page-712) In conclusion we can say that media has the power to change the attitudes and behaviour of society. Media is an important factor of socialization. Media influences on the individual, the group, the institution or culture in general. Moral panics In the words of (stanlay cohen, 1987) moral panic is a condition, episode, person or group of persons became defined as a threat to societal values and interests. (http://en.citizendium.org/moralpanic) As (stanly cohen, 1987) described in his book (Folk devils and moral panics) some moral panics of society are:- à ¢-  Young, working- class, violent males, youth culture and juvenile delinquency. à ¢-  School violence. à ¢-  Bad drugs, wrong drugs used by wrong people at wrong times. à ¢-  Child abuse, sexual and satanic. à ¢-  Sex, violence and blaming media. à ¢-  Welfare cheats and single mothers. à ¢-  Pornography. à ¢-  Refuges and asylum seekers. (http://en.citizendium.org/moralpanic) The idea of moral panic was originally developed to explain the demonization of young people as a social problem and the scapegoating of certain subcultural groups in particular. (sociology making..,2009,page- 735) Jock young used firstly the term moral panic to describe the impact upon public anxiety of creation of `drug squads` in 1960s. Then this concept borrowed by (Stan cohen, 1972) in his classic study of mods and rockers and their treatment by the media and the police in the early 1960s. Stanley cohen, 1972 showed in his work that how media intervention gave from to different subcultural groups and represented them as threatening `folk devil`. In nineteenth century the famous sociologist (person, 1983) used the idea of moral panic to explore the fears generated by the emergence of urban gangs. As (person, 1983) conclude cited in (Toynbee,1983) that every era has its young gangs that catch the terrified imagination of the respectable. Every era also has its myth about a previou s golden age of traditional values, a time when it was safer to walk the streets. Intervention of media gives youth subcultures national exposure and degree of uniformity and definition. (sociology making, 2009, page-734-735)

Behaviour Contract

I have always loved to watch movies and television shows but I guess it was an addiction already for the past couple of months. I can say that I am very much hooked in watching the television for the past seven months. I love the thrill, happiness, suspense I feel whenever I watch something on television. Whenever I am at home, my whole day would be spent in front of the television. I sometimes skip meals just to watch my favourite movie or a certain talk show.Sometimes I even do not take a bath just to keep track of what I am watching. I love watching those shows that exposes the current fashion, recent social issues, and television magazines, shows that tells Hollywood celebrities’ lives and most of all, movies like suspense thriller, horror, love stories and fairy tales. For me it is the source of my enjoyment, I sometimes forget to study and read books. I think too much watching the television causes great effects in my being. I think being bored triggers my addiction to t elevision.I want something to entertain me so that I do not get too alone. Sometimes I get bored just studying and doing other things, but when it comes to television, I really can’t feel ennui at all. I really feel entertain by the television. I should control my being hooked on television and might as well eliminate it. I should discipline myself and have self control. Within 2 weeks I should minimize my television viewing and by the end of month I must have eliminated this behaviour already.If I spend too much of my time in front of the television then I will ask my mother to deduct my allowance by 50%, I will not be able to go on a night out during Fridays, I will not be allowed to wake up late during weekends, lastly I will not be able to go out with my friends during week ends.If I will not comply with the contract then my punishment for myself will be destroy all my shoes and sandals and I will come to school on slippers for one day. While if I will be able to follow a ll the terms in the contract and comply with it then I my reward will be, spending the whole weekend in my favourite beach resort and hotel.

Shopping Words and Phrases in Spanish

For many travelers, shopping is one of the most anticipated activities. If you are visiting a Spanish-speaking area and want to shop, whether that means buying souvenirs or going grocery shopping for the day, this list of words and phrases along with a basic knowledge of grammar and everyday vocabulary should make the task easier. General Shopping Terms and Phrases Consider learning basic terms to understand the type of stores you will be shopping at, including their location and hours. These key phrases will help you talk to a  store manager, such as asking them what you want to try on or where the cash register is. Abierto a las 10 — Open at 10 ¿Hay ...?  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Are there ...? Do you have ...?La  caja; el  cajero, la  cajera  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Cash register or place where payments are made; cashierGracias, muchas gracias, mil gracias  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Thank you, thank you very muchNo lo  quiero. No  los  quiero. No la  quiero. No las quiero.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ I dont want it. (Lo  and  los  are used to refer to things with a masculine name,  la  and  las  for things with a feminine name.)Quiero ...,  por  favor.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ I want ..., please.Quisiera  probarlo,  por  favor.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ I would like to try it (on), please.Quisiera ...,  por  favor.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ I would like ..., please.Voy a pensarlo.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Ill think about it.Por favor  Ã¢â‚¬â€ PleaseSà ³lo querà ­a mirar.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Im only looking.Vuelvo pronto. Vuelvo mà ¡s tarde.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Ill  come back  soon. Ill come back later. Words and Phrases for Understanding Cost and Value One of the most important parts of shopping is budgeting. Knowing the value of what you are buying is a must when dealing with exchange rates, foreign currency and a new language. Use the following terms to calculate costs. Barato  Ã¢â‚¬â€ CheapCaro,  cara  Ã¢â‚¬â€ ExpensiveComprar  Ã¢â‚¬â€ To buy ¿Cuà ¡l es el cambio? — What is the exchange rate? ¿Cuà ¡nto cuesta?  ¿Cuà ¡nto  cuestan? — How much does it cost? How much do they cost? ¿Cuà ¡nto vale?  ¿Cuà ¡nto valen? — How much is it worth? How much are they worth? ¿Cuà ¡ntos dà ³lares?  ¿Cuà ¡ntos pesos?  ¿Cuà ¡ntos euros? — How much (in dollars)? How much (in pesos)? How much (in euros)? ¿Dà ³nde puedo comprar ...? — Where can I buy ...?Descuento  Ã¢â‚¬â€ DiscountEn  oferta,  en  oferta  especial  Ã¢â‚¬â€ On saleRebaja  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Price reductionDe  rebajas  Ã¢â‚¬â€ On sale, at a discountEn venta, a la venta  Ã¢â‚¬â€ For sale, on saleTarjeta de crà ©dito;  ¿Se aceptan tarjetas de crà ©dito?  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Credit card; Are credit cards accepted?Vender, vendedor  Ã¢â‚¬â€ To sell, seller How to Describe the Items You Are Looking for Looking for something specific? Ask an assistant if they have what you are looking for in a specific size, color or material. The more descriptive, the more they will be able to help you.  ¿Hay ... en  otros  colores?  ¿Hay ... en  otras  tallas?  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Do you have ... in other colors? Do you have ... in other sizes?De  buena  calidad  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Good qualityDe mala  calidad  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Poor qualityPequeà ±o, pequeà ±a  Ã¢â‚¬â€ SmallMediano,  mediana  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Medium (in size)Grande  Ã¢â‚¬â€ LargeSon muy bonitos. Son muy  bonitas.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Theyre very pretty. (Bonitos  is used to refer to things with a masculine name,  bonitas  if the name is feminine.)

Evaluation Of A Multi Model Experimental Design Using A...

Method Participants The ideal sample is 150 participants between the ages of 50-80 years old with both male and females equally represented, all of whom suffer from and have been diagnosed with Alzheimer s disease, other forms of dementia, or Parkinson s disease according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-5]. The selected participants will have volunteered for the study or were referred by physicians and caregivers, and come from multiple nursing homes. The probability sampling method, random sampling, will be used to ensure that the sample chosen represents the population and will be a method that will be easy to support and defend. Research Design A multi-centered†¦show more content†¦Mood will be operationalized by Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, scoring will range from 0 to 38 with higher scores indicating more severe depression. Quality of life will be operationalized by The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire 100 (WHOQOL-100, or the Quality of Life-Alzheimer s Disease assessment (QOL-AD) for those with Alzheimer s disease. Scoring will be from 13 to 52; higher scores will suggest better quality of life. Geriatric disorders are operationally defined by the diagnoses of either dementia, Alzheimer s disease, or Parkinson s disease and The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). DMT is operationally defined by the one hour sessions of dance/movement therapy with a DMT licensed therapist. Since the experiment will be conducted in a more natural conditions, there will be a stronger external validity. However, a potential threat to external validity could arise through the gen eralizability of the study; if the study will have similar results throughout the geriatric disorder population. Internal validity could be threatened due to not being conducted in a laboratory, which loses the direct control of the participants. The participants could be doing other activities or factors that are contributing to the results, in which case it would be difficult to measure if DMT is solely the cause of the results shown in the participants. Potential confounding